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The rubber bushing is a typical small component that affects noise and ride comfort. 1. What It Is The bushing consists of rubber and a metal sleeve, installed in the shock absorber mounting eye or bracket. It’s not a matter of “the harder, the better” — it needs to strike a balance between support and vibration isolation. Analogy for non-technical people:Think of it like the rubber layer on the sole of a shoe — it has to bear weight, but also cushion the impact between your foot and the ground. 2. Common Materials Material selection is usually not based solely on strength — it also takes into account wear resistance, corrosion resistance, temperature stability, friction characteristics, machining cost, and batch-to-batch consistency. Component / Material Why It’s Used Points to Watch Natural rubber (NR) Good elasticity and fatigue performance. Oil and ozone resistance must be controlled through formulation. SBR / EPDM Aging resistance or environmental resistance can be optimized. Dynamic performance must be properly matched. PU (Polyurethane) High hardness, good wear resistance. May generate more noise and vibration. Steel inner / outer sleeve Provides press-fit and bolt support. Corrosion protection and bonding quality are critical. 3. Manufacturing Process 4. Functions in the Shock Absorber Isolates road vibration and noise  Allows small-angle pivoting at the mounting point , reduces lateral stress on the shock absorber. Protects the piston rod and rod guide from excessive offset loads  Improves overall vehicle NVH comfort 5. Differences Between Types Type Characteristics Functional Differences in Shock Absorbers Suitable Applications Standard rubber bushing Comfortable, quiet Good vibration isolation Family cars Hydraulic bushing Contains internal fluid chamber Better vibration isolation at specific frequencies High-comfort vehicles PU bushing Stiff, direct response Less deflection, improved road feel Tuning / performance Spherical joint (pillow ball) Almost no rubber deflection Precise positioning but more

The mounting eyes and mounting rings are responsible for securing the shock absorber to the vehicle. 1. What It Is The mounting eye is located at both ends of the shock absorber. It withstands the repeated tension and compression loads caused by vehicle vibration, while allowing a certain degree of pivoting movement. Analogy for nontechnical people:Think of it like the metal buckle on a backpack strap — even if the main body is excellent, a broken buckle means the connection can’t be trusted. 2. Common Materials Material selection is usually not based solely on strength — it also takes into account wear resistance, corrosion resistance, temperature stability, friction characteristics, machining cost, and batch-to-batch consistency. Component / Material Why It’s Used Points to Watch Low-carbon steel stamping Easy to form and weld, low cost. Weld quality and corrosion protection must be controlled. Forged steel / thick steel parts Higher strength and impact resistance. Higher cost and weight. Aluminum alloy mounting parts Lightweight. Fatigue resistance and thread strength need careful design. 3. Manufacturing Process 4. Functions in the Shock Absorber Provides mounting points for the shock absorber.  Transmits tension and compression loads to the chassis or suspension.  Maintains proper mounting angle and working stroke.  Works with bushings for vibration isolation and noise reduction. 5. Differences Between Types Type Characteristics Functional Differences in Shock Absorbers Suitable Applications Ring-type mounting eye Equipped with rubber bushing Allows small-angle pivoting Common rear shock absorbers Fork-type mounting bracket Clamps the bolt from both sides More stable positioning SUVs, commercial vehicles Spherical joint mounting Large angular freedom Reduces lateral forces Racing / off-road 6. Quality Control & Common Failure Modes Critical Point Why It Matters Symptoms of Failure Hole position accuracy Affects installation stress Noise, uneven wear Weld strength Withstands repeated loads Cracking or detachment Anti-corrosion coating Mounting

#PowderMetallurgy #QualityFirst #Manufacturing #Craftsmanship Quality is our habit, and also our bottom line. In the powder metallurgy industry, there is sometimes only a fine line between “making it lighter” and “making it inferior”. The material density of powder‑metallurgy products directly determines their service life and rust‑resistance performance. When density is properly achieved, parts can withstand long‑term, high‑intensity operation. Once density is reduced, costs may seem lower in the short term. Yet the risks of wear, rusting and premature failure will eventually fall on the customer. Recently some clients asked us: “Can you make it lighter to bring down the cost?” Our honest reply: Having long focused on high‑quality production, we simply cannot turn out low‑quality goods. If density drops below our approved safety standard, product performance becomes unpredictable. We do not want our customers to bear such risks — nor do we want to bear them ourselves. So we would rather decline such orders. Still, we would like our clients to know: there is more than one way to cut costs. We can help you reduce expenses through process optimization and structural design. What we will never do is “save cost” at the expense of density and quality. We would rather take fewer orders than deliver a product with hidden risks. This is the persistence of powder‑metallurgy practitioners, as well as our commitment to every customer. #PowderMetallurgy #QualityFirst #Manufacturing #Craftsmanship

The nitrogen gas in a gascharged shock absorber is not a gimmick — it is an important means of stabilizing the oil condition. 1. What It Is Nitrogen gas is typically separated from the hydraulic oil, or in twintube designs, it sits in a lowpressure gas chamber to preload the oil. It does not directly generate the main damping force, but it significantly affects damping stability. Analogy for nontechnical people:Think of it like the air pressure inside a beverage bottle — it helps keep the liquid under pressure and prevents voids from forming. 2. Common Materials Material selection is usually not based solely on strength — it also takes into account wear resistance, corrosion resistance, temperature stability, friction characteristics, machining cost, and batch-to-batch consistency. Component / Material Why It’s Used Points to Watch Dry nitrogen Chemically stable; does not readily react with oil or metal components. Excess moisture promotes internal corrosion. Highpressure gas chamber seals Maintain gas pressure and prevent longterm leakage. Leakage leads to performance degradation. Gas valve / sealing plug Used for pressurization or permanent sealing of the chamber. Requires high sealing integrity and safety standards. 3. Manufacturing Process 4. Functions in the Shock Absorber Reduces oil cavitation and foaming – maintains pressure on the oil to prevent air bubble formation. Compensates for volume changes – accommodates oil displacement caused by the piston rod entering the oil chamber. Improves response consistency at high speed – ensures stable damping performance during rapid suspension movements. Helps maintain oil pressure against the valve system – keeps the oil pressurized for consistent flow through the valves. 5. Differences Between Types Type Characteristics Functional Differences in Shock Absorbers Suitable Applications Lowpressure nitrogen Commonly used in twintube gas shocks Reduces foaming, offers better ride comfort Passenger cars Highpressure nitrogen Commonly used in monotube shocks Fast response, strong fade

Shock absorber fluid is not just ordinary lubricating oil — it is an integral part of the damping system. 1. What It Is Shock absorber fluid flows inside the shock, generating resistance as it passes through the piston valve and base valve. It also lubricates internal components, dissipates heat, protects against corrosion, and must be compatible with rubber seals. Analogy for non-technical people:Think of it like the fluid in hydraulic brakes — force is not transmitted through a rigid connection, but through liquid flow and pressure. 2. Base Oil Types / Materials Material selection for shock absorber fluid is not based solely on viscosity or cost — it also takes into account thermal stability, antiwear properties, corrosion protection, foam resistance, seal compatibility, and production consistency. Component / Material Why It’s Used Points to Watch Mineral base oil Moderate cost, commonly used in mass production. Viscositytemperature performance relies on additives. Synthetic base oil Better lowtemperature and hightemperature stability. Higher cost. Antifoam / antioxidant / antiwear additives Reduce bubbles, aging, and wear. Must be compatible with seal materials. Viscosity Index Improver Reduces the effect of temperature on viscosity. Must have good shear stability. 3. Manufacturing Process 4. Functions in the Shock Absorber Generates damping force through controlled flow – as the fluid is forced through valves and orifices, it creates resistance that opposes motion. Converts mechanical energy into heat and dissipates it – the fluid absorbs vibration energy and carries heat away through the shock body. Lubricates internal contact surfaces – reduces friction and wear on the piston, rod guide, and seal interfaces. Prevents internal corrosion – protects metal components from rust and chemical degradation. 5. Differences Between Types Type Characteristics Functional Differences in Shock Absorbers Suitable Applications Standard mineral shock oil Low cost, sufficient for daily use Basic damping medium Massproduction vehicles Lowtemperature fluid Small

The wiper seal is often overlooked, but it directly affects the service life of the oil seal. 1. What It Is The wiper seal — also called the dust lip or simply “wiper” — is located at the very outer end of the shock absorber. As the piston rod moves in and out, it passes through the wiper seal first, before reaching the main oil seal area. Analogy for non-technical people:It’s like the windshield wiper on a car — it sweeps away dirt and debris first, so the glass and mechanisms behind it stay protected and last longer. 2. Common Materials Material selection is usually not based solely on strength — it also takes into account wear resistance, corrosion resistance, temperature stability, friction characteristics, machining cost, and batch-to-batch consistency. Part / Material Why It’s Used Points to Watch NBR (Nitrile Rubber) Oilresistant, moderate cost. Wear resistance and lowtemperature performance must be matched. PU (Polyurethane) Good abrasion resistance and tear strength. Lip design affects friction. TPE / Engineering plastic Easy to mold, tunable elasticity. Temperature and chemical resistance must be verified. 3. Manufacturing Process 4. Functions in the Shock Absorber 5. Differences Between Types Type Characteristics Functional Differences in Shock Absorbers Suitable Applications Single-lip wiper seal Simple construction Basic dust protection Standard passenger cars Double-lip wiper seal More thorough scraping Better suited for harsh environments SUVs, off-road vehicles Integrated dust & oil seal Combines dust protection and sealing Space-saving Compact shock absorbers 6. Quality Control & Common Failure Modes Critical Point Why It Matters Symptoms of Failure Lip contact pressure Too low — poor scraping; too high — excessive friction Contaminant ingress or sluggish movement Abrasion resistance Long-term contact with rod surface Lip wears down / becomes rounded Ozone aging resistance Exposed to outdoor environment Cracking / splitting failure Observable Signs

The oil seal is one of the most critical rubber/polymer components for shock absorber service life. 1. What It Is The oil seal is located at the opening of the shock absorber, with its sealing lip in contact with the surface of the piston rod. It must seal the oil inside while avoiding excessive friction. Analogy for non-technical people:It’s like the sealing ring in a faucet — but it works under much harsher conditions, because it has to seal while the rod is constantly moving. 2. Common Materials Material selection is usually not based solely on strength — it also takes into account wear resistance, corrosion resistance, temperature stability, friction characteristics, machining cost, and batch-to-batch consistency. Part / Material Why It’s Used Points to Watch NBR (Nitrile Rubber) Good oil resistance, moderate cost. Limited resistance to high temperatures and ozone aging. HNBR / FKM Better resistance to heat, oil, and aging. Higher cost. PU (Polyurethane) Good abrasion resistance and tear strength. Lowtemperature performance and friction characteristics need to be matched. PTFE composite lip Low friction, good temperature resistance. High requirements for assembly and surface finish. 3. Manufacturing Process 4. Functions in the Shock Absorber Prevents shock oil leakage – keeps the hydraulic fluid inside the shock body. Maintains internal oil and gas pressure – preserves the sealed pressure state for consistent damping performance. Blocks moisture and fine contaminants – prevents water, dust, and dirt from entering the shock. Controls piston rod friction – manages the friction level between the seal and the moving rod for smooth operation. 5. Differences Between Types Type Characteristics Functional Differences in Shock Absorbers Suitable Applications Singlelip oil seal Simple construction Basic sealing Costsensitive applications Doublelip oil seal Main sealing lip plus auxiliary dust lip Improved sealing and contamination protection Most passenger cars Lowfriction oil seal Optimized lip design and

The rod guide determines whether the piston rod can move in and out of the shock absorber smoothly and with low friction. 1. What It Is The rod guide is located at the opening of the shock absorber. Its inner bore supports the piston rod, while its outer surface fits into the shock tube. It is often combined with the oil seal and dust wiper to form a complete seal head assembly. Analogy for non-technical people:Think of it like the bushing in a door hinge — it keeps the door moving along the right path, without wobbling or sticking. 2. Common Materials Material selection is usually not based solely on strength — it also takes into account wear resistance, corrosion resistance, temperature stability, friction characteristics, machining cost, and batch-to-batch consistency. Part / Material Why It’s Used Points to Watch Sintered iron Good selflubrication and dimensional stability, suitable for mass production. Porosity and strength must be controlled. Aluminum alloy Lightweight, easy to machine, good heat dissipation. Wearprone areas require a bushing insert or surface treatment. Steel High strength, suitable for heavy loads. Friction pair design must be properly engineered. PTFE / bronze composite bushing Reduces friction and protects the piston rod. Wear may cause the rod to wobble. 3. Manufacturing Process 4. Functions in the Shock Absorber 5. Differences Between Types Type Characteristics Functional Differences in Shock Absorbers Suitable Applications Sintered guide bushing Suitable for highvolume production, costeffective Commonly used in passenger cars OEM / factory shock absorbers Guide bushing with composite liner Lower friction, better wear resistance Improves response and service life Highperformance / aftermarket Replaceable guide bushing Serviceable / rebuildable design Facilitates easy rebuild and maintenance Racing, offroad 6. Quality Control & Common Failure Modes Critical Point Why It Matters Symptoms of Failure Inner bore concentricity Determines whether the

The floating piston is the key to the stable operation of monotube high-pressure shock absorbers. 1. What It Is The floating piston is not connected to the piston rod. Instead, it moves freely between the oil and the nitrogen gas. As the oil volume changes, the piston moves to compress or release the gas space. Analogy for non-technical people:Think of it like a sliding partition inside a thermos — with liquid on one side and gas on the other. They don’t mix, but they still transfer pressure to each other. 2. Common Materials Material selection is usually not based solely on strength — it also takes into account wear resistance, corrosion resistance, temperature stability, friction characteristics, machining cost, and batch-to-batch consistency. Part / Material Why It’s Used Points to Watch Aluminum alloy Lightweight, good machinability, fast response. Seal grooves and surface treatment must be reliable. Steel High strength, good pressure resistance. Relatively heavy. Engineering plastic / composite materials Low friction, lightweight. Temperature resistance and dimensional stability must be verified. Rubber / PTFE seals Isolate oil and gas, reduce leakage. Wear may cause oil-gas mixing. 3. Manufacturing Processes 4. Functions in the Shock Absorber Separates oil and nitrogen gas – prevents foaming and cavitation. Compensates for piston rod volume displacement – maintains consistent internal volume as the rod moves in and out. Maintains oil preload / pressurization – ensures stable and consistent damping response. Increases oil capacity and heat dissipation – when used in a remote reservoir design, it allows for more oil volume and better cooling performance. 5. Differences Between Types Type Characteristics Functional Differences in Shock Absorbers Suitable Applications Built-in floating piston (monotube) Located at the bottom of the main tube Compact structure, direct response Monotube shock absorbers Remote reservoir floating piston Located in a separate remote reservoir Larger oil capacity, better heat